Abstract
Underwater radiated noise in freshwater systems is a critical environmental issue affecting aquatic habitats globally. This research note examines the primary sources of underwater noise and their socio-economic implications, emphasizing spatial planning challenges. It focuses on river dolphins, notably the Ganga River dolphin (Platanista gangetica), highlighting the adverse effects of noise pollution on this endangered species. The political, economic, environmental, and cultural significance of the Ganga River dolphin underscores the urgency of conservation efforts. The Indian government and international organizations have implemented policies and regulations to mitigate noise pollution and protect river dolphins. Future research should expand beyond dolphins to investigate how underwater noise affects a variety of freshwater species, including fish, invertebrates, amphibians, and reptiles, across different types of freshwater habitats. Understanding the role of natural habitats like forests and mangrove forests in mitigating underwater noise impacts is essential for informing conservation and restoration efforts in freshwater ecosystems. Developing spatial planning frameworks like Maritime Spatial Planning (MSP) and implementing tailored policy and regulatory measures are crucial steps to effectively manage underwater noise in inland waters and promote sustainable development while safeguarding freshwater biodiversity.
